What is the Spirit and Soul?

The Anointing of the Holy Spirit

Image by Loci Lenar via Flickr

The spirit and soul are interchangeably used in the bible meaning the same thing. It is the immaterial part of our body which intercedes for us. The spirit/soul endures all the body experiences to regenerate, indwell, restraint, and provide service. Only believers who are indwelt by the Holy Spirit are said to be “Spiritually Alive” and unbelievers are “Spiritually Dead”. The Spirit is the immaterial facet of man allowing us to have an intimate relationship with God. Mankind has a spirit but we are not a spirit.  When we use the word spirit, it refers to the immaterial part of man, including his soul. Man is a soul and the word soul simply means life, thus life is removed at the time of death.  Soul refers to the material and immaterial of man. In Genesis, Man’s sin tainted our soul but God already had a plan to wash away our sins. Whenever soul is used, it can refer to a person alive or after death. Soul and Spirit are the same in the manner they are used but different in reference.The Soul is man’s horizontal view of the world and Spirit is man’s vertical view of the world. Both refer to the immaterial part of man but Spirit refers to man’s walk with God and Soul refers to man’s walk with the world, both material and immaterial.  The bible show man’s eagerness to sin and man’s naturally evil works against the spirit/soul as a result of Adam’s sin.

1 Corinthians 2:11
¹¹For who among men knows the thoughts of a man except the man’s spirit within him? In the same way no one knows the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God.

Hebrews 4:12
¹²For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.  (Only scripture mentioning the spirit and soul can be divided only by God)

James 2:26
²⁶As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead.

1 Thessalonians 5:23
²³May God himself, the God of peace, sanctify you through and through. May your whole spirit, soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Spirit is the Greek word “pneuma” which means “breath or breeze” referring to a human “spirit” the rational “soul”. The soul is the Greek word “psuche” which means “breath” and by implication “spirit”. Thus, the use of the two words does not indicate the immaterial part of man could be divided, but rather used simply for emphasis. There are not three parts to humans (body, soul, and spirit) but only two parts (body and “soul or spirit”). Throughout the scriptures we see the two terms “spirit” and “soul” used interchangeably.

Hebrews 6:19
¹⁹We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, firm and secure. It enters the inner sanctuary behind the curtain,

1 Peter 2:11
¹¹Dear friends, I urge you, as aliens and strangers in the world, to abstain from sinful desires, which war against your soul.

2 Peter 2:8
⁸for that righteous man, living among them day after day, was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard

Genesis 2:7
⁷And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

Luke 10:27
²⁷And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbor as thyself.

In Peter we find the word “soul” can also be the “spirit”, the eternal part he put into us when we were conceived (made alive). In Genesis, the Lord breathed into man the breath of life which is the “spirit” or “soul” that our body can be made alive and breath the air. In Luke, the word for “heart” refers to the mind’s thoughts or feelings. It does not refer to the flesh of the heart that pumps blood but the “mind” in the sense of our “soul” or “spirit”. The Greek word for mind is “dianoia” which refers to our “deep thoughts” or “the exercise of our minds”. The heart and soul is use for emphasis referring to the same thing, the spirit. We are to love our God with our actual thoughts. In summary, the “spirit” and the “soul” are one and the same, two words meaning the same thing: the eternal immaterial part of each person.

How is the Spirit or Soul created?
Creationism holds that all spirits/souls are created directly by God (with Eve’s substance, material and immaterial, being taken from Adam). God creates a new soul/spirit when a human being is conceived. The scriptures that differentiates the origin of the spirit/soul from the origin of the body.

Ecclesiastes 12:7
⁷and the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.

Isaiah 42:5
⁵This is what God the LORD says-he who created the heavens and stretched them out, who spread out the earth and all that comes out of it, who gives breath to its people, and life to those who walk on it:

Zechariah 12:1
¹This is the word of the LORD concerning Israel. The LORD, who stretches out the heavens, who lays the foundation of the earth, and who forms the spirit of man within him, declares:

Hebrews 12:9
⁹Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to the Father of our spirits and live!

Traducianism believe an individual spirit or soul is derived from the spirits or souls of the parents. This implies the spirit or soul of Adam was created directly by God with Eve’s substance, material and immaterial, being taken from Adam. The scriptures below reads the body, soul, spirit came from the parents.

Genesis 2:7
⁷the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.

Genesis 5:3
³When Adam had lived 130 years, he had a son in his own likeness, in his own image; and he named him Seth.

Genesis 2:2-3
²By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. ³And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.

Both Creationism and Traducianism agree that the soul does not exist prior to conception. God creates each individual soul at the moment it is need.

Is the spirit/soul mortal or immortal?
The human spirit/soul is immortal whether they are saved or lost will spend eternity someplace in heaven or hell. Our spirit/soul will live forever either in the presence of God in heaven if we are saved or punished in hell if rejected by God’s gift of salvation. Our spirit/soul will live forever and our bodies will resurrect. God is the only one who can restore our spirit/soul to the body after death.

Psalm 23:3
³he restores my soul. He guides me in paths of righteousness for his name’s sake.

Ecclesiastes 12:7
⁷and the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.

Daniel 12:2
²Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake: some to everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt.

Matthew 25:46
⁴⁶“Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.”

1 Corinthians 15:12-19
¹²But if it is preached that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? ¹³If there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. ¹⁴And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith. ¹⁵More than that, we are then found to be false witnesses about God, for we have testified about God that he raised Christ from the dead. But he did not raise him if in fact the dead are not raised. ¹⁶For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised either. ¹⁷And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins. ¹⁸Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ are lost. ¹⁹If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are to be pitied more than all men.